Discrimination of shades of gray for different intervals of time. 15 
could not recall that the norm, was present in the act of passing 
judgment. Bt notes »I think I judge this in a negative way, not 
by a conscious comparison hut because V seems striking, I did not 
remember having seen anything so bright before. I have observed 
several of this kind, and this seems to he common. It struck me 
with a feeling of surprise«. Throughout the experimentation A1 
notes the uttering of free judgments. 
According to Martin and Miiller’s analysis of this class of 
judgments1) we should expect more correct cases in the time order 
JSf—V than in the order V— N. Taking the general averages in 
table HI (ra), we find the proportion of right judgments in the two 
time order 1 61,9 , , 67,5 
time orders for Bt is = 59^’ and f°r A1’ 57^ 
But beside these free judgments, both reagents noted cases where 
they could deliver no judgment because the norm was »forgotten«. 
In these cases no lack of attention was noted; the reagents were 
simply inahle to pass judgment because impression of the norm had 
passed away; it was too undecided or too weak to last during the 
time interval. According to theory there should he proportionately 
more free judgments in time order 1 than in time order 2. Taking 
all the judgments up to the beginning of the chronométrie experi¬ 
ments (to he discussed later) we get the following table. 
Table IV. 
Per cent of free judgments and of »failures«. 
n 
lime Order 1 
X free | X fail. 
n 
Time Ordc 
X free 
r 2 
X fail. 
Bt..... 
848 
4,3 
2,0 
1051 
1,1 
3,0 
A1..... 
852 
4,1 
0,8 
846 
2,0 
1,0 
The above table gives only the percentage of cases where a distinct 
effort was made to recall the norm.; it is probably complete as 
regards the failures, but it does not include a great number of cases 
where the judgment was uttered quickly hut without a trace of 
comparison. 
1) Zur Analyse der Unterschiedsempfmdlichkeit. S. 25 u. 45.