14 
Frank Angell. 
was the antecedent — the term or the visual image. The visual 
images often included the disc, the button on the disc, the motion 
of the disc and the black back-ground. When the image was of the 
disc alone it seemed to wax and wane in its brightness whilst its 
circular form changed to irregular shapes. l’or the 5 sec. and 15 sec. 
intervals, tension sensations in the eyes, oral and respiratory muscles 
were most marked — resulting from an attempt to keep bodily con¬ 
ditions unchanged until the second stimulus appeared. For the longer 
intervals these sensations were not present. The visual image ap¬ 
peared most frequently immediately after the word »ready« before 
the comparison. Rarely an act of comparison seemed to take place 
directly between the visual image and the second stimulus. 
The formation of judgments through verbal association was first 
noted in the fourth series. The words »that was light« arose after 
... v .viewing the norm. The terms »light«, »bright«, »very light«, »exceed- 
i ingly bright«, »dark«, »darker« (this last as compared with preceding 
norm.) were noted. At the same time the brightness of the disc 
■' did not seem to vary equally in both directions around a standard 
as the terms would seem to imply. At the end of the last period 
of experimentation, the experimentor exposed, in irregular order, the 
stimuli that he had been using as comparisons and asked each reagent 
to designate each shade as it was exposed. The result was as follows. 
160° 
170° 
180° 
190° 
200° White 
1. 
dark medium 
light medium 
light medium 
light 
very light 
2. 
» » 
dark 
» » 
» 
» » 
1. 
dark 
dark 
dark 
medium dark 
light 
2. 
med. dark 
med. dark 
light 
» » 
medium 
The tendencies shown in the above scales are reflected in the table III, 
where Bt. has more correct judgments on the dark, and Al. more 
on the light side. Often the disc seemed to vary in such a way 
that the reagent surmised the experimentor was using several norms. 
The brightness seemed to vary not only from day to day hut from 
series to series and even during the course of a series. 
Almost at the beginning Al, and somewhat later, Bt, noticed the 
formation of free judgments — i. e. judgments in which the reagent