54
a. n. EpyjKEC.
npn cooTBOTCTBeHHoä oopaooTKe noayneHHoro Maiepiiaaa oÖHapyatHBaeT
Becbjia xapaKTepnoe HBaeHHe, CBH3annoe HenocpoflCTBeHHo c 113110-
aoranecKHM cocToimiieM naßaioflaeMoro h, KaK mm KaaceTea, bho-
caipee nenro HOBoe b oßxacHeHHa MexaHiisMa bhhhhhh yroMaeHHa
Ha TpyflOBHe flBHHteHHH.
IIOBTOpHB BeCB pafl HGOOXOflH MHX SaMepOB, HpHMepHO, 100 pa3,
mh iiojiynaeM no 100 BHaneHHt flaa Kaatfloro aaeMeffra (a, b, c,...)
Kan h caeflyei oatHflaTB, sth 100 snaneHna Kaatfloro saeMema
Meatfly coßoä He paBHBi n jihibb ooaee mh iienee npHôjmatasaTca
k Hanöoaee nacTonry 3HaneHHio: npn cooTBeTCTBeHHOM nocTpoeHHH
ohh cocTaBJiaioT BecBMa xapaKTepHEie kphbho pacnpefleaenaa; Hanöo-
aee Tim a'man npeflcraiijeHa Ha pnc. 12, Torfla KaK KpHBHe pnc. 13
h 14 BCTpenaiOTCH 3HaHHTejibho peace, b oco66hhocth nocaeflHaa
(xapaKTepHan, Meatfly npoHHM, flaa kphbhx pacnpefleacHHa BpeMeH
nenax n,HK.ioB onepan;rf, T.-e. KaK 6h HHBeaapyiomero naaoMcenHa
KpHBHX OTfleJCBHHX SaeMeHTOB).
IIpH paCCMOTpeHHH Kp.HBOË pHC. 12 06pam,ai0T Ha ce6a BHHMa-
Hae flBe xapaKTepncTHKH ee: öHMOflaaBHocTB h acHMMeTpiiHHocTB
yCTpeMaeHHH k raaBHOË MOfle. riocaeflHaa xapaKTepHCTHKa oÔHHHa
flXH MHorex rpynn kphbbix pacnpefleaenna ôno-iolHiecKiix HBaeHHË,
orpaHHneHHBix no oflHy cTopoHy MOflH 6oaee acecTKHMH ycaoBHHMH,
Hen no flpyryio : b flaHHOM caynae HensMepHMo 6oaee innpoKne npe-
flem HMeiOTca flaa 3aM6flaeHHoro BBinojiiiemia flBnateHna, hgm flan
ycKopeHHoro.
Tixo KaeaeTCH ÔHMOflaaBHocTH kphboh, to sth xapaKTepncTHKa
TOiKyeTca KaK pe3yaBTaT bhhhhhh nocTopoHHero (JiaitTopa, oöaafla-
ioipero CBOHM phtmom, HHTepi|)epHpyioin,HM c ochobehm phtmom aBae-
hhh, BHpaacaeMBTM ochobhoB Moflol. B HaöaioflaeMHx hemh HBae-
HHHX — 3 JteMeHT apHEIX TpVflOBHX flBHäteHHHX — MH, HeCOMHeilHO,
bo MHorax cjiynaax H3BaeKaeM 3th aBaeiiHa He b hhctom hx BHfle.
HeM aaeMeHTapHee flBnateHHe no CBoeË KOHCTpyKn,HH mh hbm iienee
3aBHCHT oho OT KaKHX-jcHÖo BHeniHHX (|)aKTopoB (opraHH3aii,Ha pa6o-
nero MecTa, oßpaipeHne c npeflMeTaMH pa3Hoo6pa3HOË opMH n t. n.),
Ten öoaee KpnBaa npnßanataeTca k oflHOMOflaaBHoË: pnc. 13 otho-
chtch imeHHo k flBHaceHnaM, KOTopnè yflaaocB noaynnTB b HanSoaee
aaeMeHTapHOM h He3aBHCHM0M BHfle. OflHaKO, cpeflH hoôohhhx $ai.:-
TopoB ecTB oflHH, oKa3HBaioin;nË onpefleaeHHoe h 3aKOHOMepHoe bhhh-
Hae Ha aHaaH3npyeMyio btophhhvio MOfly. Ecjh mh öyfleM cpaBHn-