O B lit AH texhmkâ uhkjiôcbèmkm 
63 
jjOffleHHHMH Meac^y (})OKyCHbIM paCCTOHHHGM OÖ^eKTHBa / 
c0° HHoft AHaroHajiH nnacTHHKH p, a HMeHHo: 
jî PS 
fcÿ-57..........(5) 
yroJi 3peHHH oö^eKTHBa ecTb tot yroÆ, 3a npe/ienaMH 
oToporo oßteKTHB pHcyeT yace HeAocraTOHHO pe3Ko. y Bcex 
K6teKTHBOB HanayaineH no creneHH xoppeioiHH nacTbio noaa 
° eHnH HBnaeTca cepe^nHa ero. y AemeBbix oô^eimiBOB (sie- 
hhckob, anaaHaTOB) coBepmeHCTBa H3o6paaceHna yôbiBaioT 
6oaee vuivi MeHee paBHOMepHO h nocTeneHHO ot cepeÂHHbi 
noaa 3peHna k ero apaaM. Y xoponmx aHacrarMaTOB BHyTpn 
HCKOTOporo yrjia Taxoro yôbiBaHna neT, h H3o6paaceHHe Ha BceM 
npoTaacGHHH stoto yraa nonTH oâhh3kobo coBepmeHHO; ho 3a 
npe^eaaMH -sToro yraa ToraocTb h pe3K0CTb H3o6paaceHna 
ÔHCTpo na^aioT. 9tot yroa h hocht Ha3B3HHe yraa 3peHHa 
OÔTiGKTHBa. Oh 33BHCHT OT oneHb MHOTHX CBOfiCTB, CBH3aH* 
hhx c chctgmoh oö-beKTHBa, ho npH 9T0M, KaK npaBHno, aeM 
BHffle CBeTOCHJia, TeM MeHbine yroa 3peHHa. Y Kaamoro ÂaH- 
hoto oö-beKTHBa HMeeT mccto Ta ace 33BHCHMOCTb — yroa 
3peHaa pacTeT no Mepe npnKpbiTHH ÂHa(})parMbi. Htoôh AaTb 
HHTaTeaio noHHTne 0 nopa^xe BejinaHH yrviOB 3peHna, Bcrpe- 
aaiomHxcH b npaxTHKe, npHBeaeM Taöanny, co,n;epacamyio He- 
KOTOpbie cpeAHne TpeôoBaHHa, KOTOpbiM AoaaceH ynoBÆeTBO- 
pSTb XOpOIHHH aHaCTHTMaT. 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
CBeTOCHjia hjih ÄHa^parMa .... 
3.5 
4.5 
6,3 
9 
18 
36 
yrOJI 3peHHH OKOJIO....... 
40° 
Ol 
0 
0 
60° 
-70° 
80° 
90° 
yroa 3peHna oß-bexTHBa ü,aHHoS CHCTeMbi onpe^e^aeT co- 
6010 to HaHMeHbniee cjioKycHoe pacCToaHHe, xoTopoe eme 
npHroAHo äjih a,aHHoro (J)opMaTa naacTHHKH. OneBHÄHO, hto 
yron 3p6HHa oßteKTHBa He ,a;o^aceH ßbiTb MeHbuie yraa 3peHHa 
KaMepbi. OaKTHnecKH BcerAa cTpeMHTca k TOMy, htoöh stot 
y^oa 6bia öojibuie, oöecnenHBaa sthm B03M0acH0CTb CMemeHHH 
ooi,eKTHBa b CTopoHbi, T. e. noMemeHna n^acTHHKH b öokobhx 
^acTax noaa 3peHna oö-beKTUBa (pnc. 37). npnBOAHM Taô^nny, 
^Topaa ÄoaacHa opnëHTHpoBaTb HUTaTeAH b npnMepHbix pe-