464 
Hijivry 
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Grotgfiyue 
and 
CHAPTER 
XXVII. 
GILLRAY.-HIS FiR5T ATTEMPTS.-Hrs CARICATURES BEGIN wrrn THE 
SHELBURNE MINISTRY.-IMPEACHMENT 0)? WARREN HAsT1NGs.-cA1u- 
CATURES 0N THE KING; " NEW WAY TO PAY '1-as NATIONAL D1zBT."-- 
ALLEGED REASON FOR G1LL1mY's HOSTILITY T0 THE KING.-THE 
KING AND THE  LATER LABOURS.-- 
ms IDIOTCY AND DEATH. 
IN the year 1757 was born the greatell: of Englifh caricaturiits, and 
perhaps of all caricaturifls of modern times whofe works are known- 
James Gillray. His father, who was named like himfelf, James, was a 
Scotchman, a native of Lanark, and a foldier, and, having loll: one arm at 
the battle of Fontenoy, became an out-penfioner of Chelfea Hofpital. He 
obtained alfo the appointment of fexton at the Moravian burial-ground at 
Chelfea, which he held forty years, and it was at Chelfea that James 
Gillray the younger was born. The latter, having no doubt {hown {igns 
of artiitic talent, was put apprentice to letter-engraving ; but after a time, 
becoming difguited with this employment, he ran away, and joined a party 
of {trolling players, and in their company pa(Ted through many adven- 
tures, and underwent many hardthips. He returned, however to London, 
and received fome encouragement as a promifmg artiit, and obtained 
admiiiion as a Prudent in the Royal Academy-the then young inftitution 
to which Hogarth had been oppofed. Gillray foon became known as a 
deiigner and engraver, and worked in thefe capacities for the publilhers. 
Among his earlier productions, two illuftrations of Goldfrnith's " Deferted 
Village " are fpoken of with praife, as difplaying a remarkable freedom 
of enact. For a long time after Gillray became knoWn'as a caricaturiit 
he continued to engrave the deiigns of other artiits. The earliefl known 
caricature which can be afcribed to him with any certainty, is the plate 
entitled " Paddy on Horfeback," and dated in 1779, when he was twenty- 
two years of age. The "horfe" on which Paddy rides is a bull; he is 
feated