406 
HMOr_y of Caricature and Grotqfyue 
CHAPTER 
XXIII. 
CARICATURE m HOLLAND.-ROMAIN DE nooema.-Tm: ENGLISH 
REVOLUTION.-CARICATURES on LOUIS x1v. AND JAMES 11.-nn. SA- 
CHEVERELL._-CARICATURE BROUGHT FROM HOLLAND T0 ENGLAND.- 
omsm OF THE wom)  AND THE s0u'ru 
sm; THE YEAR or BUBBLES. 
MODERN political caricature, born, as we have feen, in France, 
may be confidered to have had its cradle in Holland. The polition 
of that country, and its greater degree of freedom, made it, in the [even- 
teenth century, the general place of refuge to the political difcon- 
tents of other lands, and efpecially to the French who fled from the 
tyranny of Louis XIV. It po{l"effed at that time fome of the molt 
lkilful artilts and belt engravers in Europe, and it became the central fpot 
from which were launched a multitude of fatirical prints againfl that 
1nonarch's policy, and againft himfelf and his favourites and miniflers. 
This was in a great meafure the caufe of the bitter hatred which Louis 
always difplayed towards that country. He feared the caricatures of the 
Dutch more than their arms, and the pencil and graver of Romain de 
Hooghe were among the molt eH'e6tive Weapons employed by William of 
Naflau. 
 The marriage of William with Mary, daughter of the duke of York, 
 in I677, naturally gave the Dutch a greater interell than they could have 
 felt before in the domeitic affairs of Great Britain, and a new Itimulus to 
their zeal againft Louis of France, or, which was the fame thing, againit 
arbitrary power and Popery, both of which had been rendered odious 
under his name. The accefiion of James II. to the throne of England, 
and his attempt to re-efiablifh Popery, added religious as well as political 
fuel to thefe feelings, for everybody underflood that James was a6ting 
under