in Literature and Art. 
; 
i 
5 
fcene in the midft of a folernn pi6ture, that would be Worthy of the 
imagination of a Rowlandfon. 
Another cut (No. 3), taken from one of the fame feries of paintings, 
belongs to a clafs of caricatures which dates from a very remote period. 
One of the molt natural ideas among all people would be to compare 
men with the animals whofe particular qualities they pofleifed. Thus, 
one might be as bold as a lion, another as faithful as a dog, or as cunning 
as a fox, or as fwinifh as a hog. The name of the animal would thus 
often be given as a nickname to the man, and in the fequel he would be 
reprefented pi6torially under the form of the animal. It was partly out 
of this kind of caricature, no doubt, that the fmgular clals of apologues 
which have been fince dittinguifhed by the name of fables arofe. 
Connected with it was the belief in the meternpfychofis, or tranfinifiion 
of the foul into the bodies of animals after death, which formed a part of 
feveral of the primitive religions. The earlieft examples of this clafs 
313x76-reg 
of caricature of mankind are found on the Egyptian monuments, as 
in the inftance jutt referred to, which reprefents " a foul condemned to 
return to earth under the form. of a pig, having been weighed in the 
fcales before Oflris and been found wanting. Being placed in a boat, 
and accompanied by two monkeys, it is difmiffed the facred precinzit." 
The latter animals, it may be remarked, as they are here reprefented, are 
the cynocephali, or dog-headed monkeys (the jimia inuus), which were 
facred animals among the Egyptians, and the peculiar charafteriftic of 
which-the dog-ihaped head_is, as ufnal, exaggerated by the artift. 
The reprefentation of this return of a condemned foul under the 
L 
repuliive 
LJ